What is Cushing's disease in dogs?
Cushing's disease in dogs, also known as hyperadrenocorticism, occurs when the body produces too much cortisol. Cortisol is an important hormone, but excessive amounts can affect many normal body functions and lead to a variety of health problems.
What dogs are most likely to develop Cushing's disease?
Cushing's disease is most commonly diagnosed in middle-aged to older dogs. Smaller breed dogs are also more likely to develop the condition than larger breeds.
What causes Cushing's disease in dogs?
Cushing's disease develops when the body produces too much cortisol. There are three primary causes. The most common is a small, usually benign tumor in the pituitary gland, which is located in the brain. Less commonly, tumors of the adrenal glands can cause excessive cortisol production. Dogs that receive long-term steroid medications may also develop a form of Cushing's disease known as iatrogenic Cushing's.
What are the most common symptoms of Cushing's disease in dogs?
The most common signs of Cushing's disease in dogs include increased thirst, increased urination, increased appetite, and excessive panting. Many dogs also become unusually food motivated, seeking out food in ways that are out of character, such as stealing food from countertops or even from a child's hands. Other common signs include a pot-bellied appearance, muscle wasting, thinning hair, and changes in skin health.
Why does Cushing's disease cause a pot-bellied appearance?
Cushing's disease causes muscle wasting throughout the body, including the abdominal muscles. As those muscles weaken, the abdomen begins to sag, creating the characteristic pot-bellied appearance. Some dogs also develop an enlarged liver, which can further contribute to this rounded abdominal shape.
How do veterinarians diagnose Cushing's disease in dogs?
Diagnosis often begins with a physical examination, a review of your dog's medical history, and routine laboratory testing. If Cushing's disease is suspected, additional testing may include an ACTH stimulation test, a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDS), or, in some cases, urine testing to help confirm the diagnosis.
How is Cushing's disease in dogs treated?
Cushing's disease is most commonly treated with a medication called trilostane, which is given daily. Once treatment begins, regular follow-up appointments and monitoring are important to ensure the medication is working safely and effectively.
How do veterinarians monitor Cushing's disease treatment?
After starting treatment, we typically recommend repeating the ACTH stimulation test, or whichever diagnostic test was used initially, about one month later. This allows us to confirm that your dog is receiving the appropriate medication dosage. Careful monitoring is important because overtreatment can suppress cortisol too much and lead to Addison's disease, also known as hypoadrenocorticism.
Can dogs live a normal life with Cushing's disease?
Yes. With early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and routine monitoring, many dogs with Cushing's disease respond very well to therapy and continue to enjoy long, happy, and active lives.
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